apt-mark for example doesn't include the xserver-xorg package, while the other file does.
Using apt-mark showauto instead of /var/log/installer/initial-status.gz. More packages are shown as manually installed even though they are not. Using the file ( here for Ubuntu 14.04) instead of /var/log/installer/initial-status.gz. Compare the files, only output the lines in file 1 that are not present in file 2. Get the list of packages installed right after a fresh install. 
For aptitude, the additional sed strips out remaining whitespace at the end of the line.
Get the list of manually installed packages. Also, the linux-header versions also seem to accumulate, even though I've only installed the non version-specific metapackage. Very few packages still fall through the cracks, although I suspect these are actually installed by the user, either right after the installation through the language localization setup or e.g. Using aptitude: comm -23 <(aptitude search '~i !~M' -F '%p' | sed "s/ *$//" | sort -u) <(gzip -dc /var/log/installer/initial-status.gz | sed -n 's/^Package: //p' | sort -u) Using apt-mark: comm -23 <(apt-mark showmanual | sort -u) <(gzip -dc /var/log/installer/initial-status.gz | sed -n 's/^Package: //p' | sort -u) Both yield the exact same output on my machine and are more precise than all solutions proposed up until now (July 6, 2014) in this question. 
You can use either of these two one-liners.
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